King Lear Study Guide
Act V, Scene 3
The British camp near Dover

Scene Summary

The final scene opens with Lear and Cordelia captured as prisoners. Lear, surprisingly joyful at the prospect of imprisonment with his beloved daughter, speaks of their future together: "We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage." Edmund secretly orders a captain to kill both Lear and Cordelia in prison. Meanwhile, the conflict between Goneril and Regan over Edmund reaches its climax as Albany confronts Goneril with evidence of her treachery—a letter plotting his murder.

A trial by combat is called, and a mysterious knight in armor appears to challenge Edmund. This knight is Edgar, who defeats and mortally wounds his illegitimate brother. Goneril, realizing her plots are exposed, poisons Regan and then kills herself. As Edmund lies dying, he experiences a moment of conscience and attempts to countermand his order to kill Lear and Cordelia, but it's too late.

The scene reaches its devastating climax when Lear enters carrying Cordelia's lifeless body, unleashing the most heartbreaking cry in all of Shakespeare: "Howl, howl, howl, howl!" Lear's grief is overwhelming as he tries desperately to find signs of life in his daughter. Unable to bear the weight of his losses, Lear dies beside Cordelia. Kent, ever faithful, refuses Albany's offer to help rule, hinting at his own approaching death. The play ends with Albany's somber reflection on the tragic cost of the events they have witnessed.

Translation Style
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Original Text
[Enter EDMUND, LEAR, and CORDELIA, prisoners; CAPTAIN, and Soldiers] EDMUND Some officers take them away: good guard, Until their greater pleasures first be known That are to censure them. CORDELIA We are not the first Who, with best meaning, have incurred the worst. For thee, oppressed king, am I cast down; Myself could else out-frown false fortune's frown. Shall we not see these daughters and these sisters? LEAR No, no, no, no! Come, let's away to prison: We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage: When thou dost ask me blessing, I'll kneel down, And ask of thee forgiveness: so we'll live, And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out; And take upon's the mystery of things, As if we were God's spies: and we'll wear out, In a wall'd prison, packs and sects of great ones, That ebb and flow by the moon. EDMUND Take them away. LEAR Upon such sacrifices, my Cordelia, The gods themselves throw incense. Have I caught thee? He that parts us shall bring a brand from heaven, And fire us hence like foxes. Wipe thine eyes; The good-years shall devour them, flesh and fell, Ere they shall make us weep: we'll see 'em starve first. [Exeunt LEAR and CORDELIA, guarded] EDMUND Come hither, captain; hark. Take thou this note; go follow them to prison: One step I have advanced thee; if thou dost As this instructs thee, thou dost make thy way To noble fortunes: know thou this, that men Are as the time is: to be tender-minded Does not become a sword: thy great employment Will not bear question; either say thou'lt do't, Or thrive by other means. CAPTAIN I'll do't, my lord. EDMUND About it; and write happy when thou hast done. Mark, I say, instantly; and carry it so As I have set it down. CAPTAIN I cannot draw a cart, nor eat dried oats; If it be man's work, I'll do it. [Exit] [Enter ALBANY, GONERIL, REGAN, another CAPTAIN, and Soldiers] ALBANY Sir, you have shown to-day your valiant strain, And fortune led you well: you have the captives Of the opposed king and his daughter taken: So we required of you. EDMUND Sir, I thought it fit To send the old and miserable king To some retention and appointed guard; Whose age has charms in it, whose title more, To pluck the common bosom on his side, And turn our impress'd lances in our eyes Which do command them. With him I sent the queen; My reason all the same; and they are ready To-morrow, or at further space, to appear Where you shall hold your session. At this time We sweat and bleed: the friend hath lost his friend; And the best quarrels, in the heat, are cursed By those that feel their sharpness: The question of Cordelia and her father Requires a fitter place. ALBANY Sir, by your patience, I hold you but a subject of this war, Not as a brother. REGAN That's as we list to grace him: Methinks our pleasure might have been demanded, Ere you had spoke so far. He led our powers; Bore the commission of my place and person; The which immediacy may well stand up, And call itself your brother. GONERIL Not so hot: In his own grace he doth exalt himself, More than in your addition. REGAN In my rights, By me invested, he compeers the best. GONERIL That were the most, if he should husband you. REGAN Jesters do oft prove prophets. GONERIL Holla, holla! That eye that told you so look'd but a-squint. REGAN Lady, I am not well; else I should answer From a full-flowing stomach. General, Take thou my soldiers, prisoners, patrimony; Dispose of them, of me; the walls are thine: Witness the world, that I create thee here My lord and master. GONERIL Mean you to enjoy him? ALBANY The let-alone lies not in your good will. EDMUND Nor in thine, lord. ALBANY Half-blooded fellow, yes. REGAN [To EDMUND] Let the drum strike, and prove my title thine. ALBANY Stay yet; hear reason. Edmund, I arrest thee On capital treason; and, in thine attaint, This gilded serpent [pointing to GONERIL]. For your claim, fair sister, I bar it in the interest of my wife: 'Tis she is sub-contracted to this lord, And I, her husband, contradict your bans. If you will marry, make your loves to me, My lady is bespoke. GONERIL An interlude! ALBANY Thou art arm'd, Gloucester: let the trumpet sound: If none appear to prove upon thy person Thy heinous, manifest, and many treasons, There is my pledge [throwing down a glove]; I'll prove it on thy heart, Ere I taste bread, thou art in nothing less Than I have here proclaim'd thee. REGAN Sick, O, sick! GONERIL [Aside] If not, I'll ne'er trust medicine. ALBANY There's my exchange [throwing down a glove]. What in the world he is That names me traitor, villain-like he lies: Call by thy trumpet: he that dares approach, On him, on you, who not? I will maintain My truth and honour firmly. EDMUND A herald, ho! ALBANY A herald, ho, a herald! [Enter a Herald] ALBANY Trust to thy single virtue; for thy soldiers, All levied in my name, have in my name Took their discharge. REGAN My sickness grows upon me. ALBANY She is not well; convey her to my tent. [Exit REGAN, led] [Trumpet sounds] HERALD Come hither, herald,—Let the trumpet sound— And read out this. CAPTAIN [Reads] 'If any man of quality or degree within the lists of the army will maintain upon Edmund, supposed Earl of Gloucester, that he is a manifold traitor, let him appear by the third sound of the trumpet: he is bold in his defence.' HERALD Again! [Trumpet sounds] HERALD Again! [Trumpet sounds] [Enter EDGAR, at the third sound, armed, with a trumpet before him] ALBANY Ask him his purposes, why he appears Upon this call o' the trumpet. HERALD What are you? Your name, your quality? and why you answer This present summons? EDGAR Know, my name is lost; By treason's tooth bare-gnawn and canker-bit: Yet am I noble as the adversary I come to cope. ALBANY Which is that adversary? EDGAR What's he that speaks for Edmund Earl of Gloucester? EDMUND Himself: what say'st thou to him? EDGAR Draw thy sword, That, if my speech offend a noble heart, Thy arm may do thee justice: here is mine. Behold, it is the privilege of mine honours, My oath, and my profession: I protest, Maugre thy strength, youth, place, and eminence, Despite thy victor sword and fire-new fortune, Thy valour and thy heart, thou art a traitor; False to thy gods, thy brother, and thy father; Conspitant 'gainst this high-illustrious prince; And, from the extremest upward of thy head To the descent and dust below thy foot, A most toad-spotted traitor. Say thou 'No,' This sword, this arm, and my best spirits, are bent To prove upon thy heart, whereto I speak, Thou liest. EDMUND In wisdom I should ask thy name; But, since thy outside looks so fair and warlike, And that thy tongue some say of breeding breathes, What safe and nicely I might well delay By rule of knighthood, I disdain and spurn: Back do I toss these treasons to thy head; With the hell-hated lie o'erwhelm thy heart; Which, for they yet glance by and scarcely bruise, This sword of mine shall give them instant way, Where they shall rest for ever. Trumpets, speak! [Alarums. They fight. EDMUND falls] ALBANY Save him, save him! GONERIL This is practice, Gloucester: By the law of arms thou wast not bound to answer An unknown opposite; thou art not vanquish'd, But cozen'd and beguiled. ALBANY Shut your mouth, dame, Or with this paper shall I stop it: Hold, sir: Thou worse than any name, read thine own evil: Nay, no tearing, lady: I perceive you know it. GONERIL Say, if I do, the laws are mine, not thine: Who can arraign me for't? ALBANY Most monstrous! oh! Know'st thou this paper? GONERIL Ask me not what I know. [Exit] ALBANY Go after her: she's desperate; govern her. [Exit an Officer] EDMUND What you have charged me with, that have I done; And more, much more; the time will bring it out: 'Tis past, and so am I. But what art thou That hast this fortune on me? If thou'rt noble, I do forgive thee. EDGAR Let's exchange charity. I am no less in blood than thou art, Edmund; If more, the more thou hast wrong'd me. My name is Edgar, and thy father's son. The gods are just, and of our pleasant vices Make instruments to plague us: The dark and vicious place where thee he got Cost him his eyes. EDMUND Thou hast spoken right, 'tis true; The wheel is come full circle: I am here. ALBANY Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness: I must embrace thee: Let sorrow split my heart, if ever I Did hate thee or thy father! EDGAR Worthy prince, I know't. ALBANY Where have you hid yourself? How have you known the miseries of your father? EDGAR By nursing them, my lord. List a brief tale; And when 'tis told, O, that my heart would burst! The bloody proclamation to escape, That follow'd me so near,—O, our lives' sweetness! That we the pain of death would hourly die Rather than die at once!—taught me to shift Into a madman's rags; to assume a semblance That very dogs disdain'd: and in this habit Met I my father with his bleeding rings, Their precious stones new lost: became his guide, Led him, begg'd for him, saved him from despair; Never,—O fault!—reveal'd myself unto him, Until some half-hour past, when I was arm'd: Not sure, though hoping, of this good success, I ask'd his blessing, and from first to last Told him my pilgrimage: but his flaw'd heart, Alack, too weak the conflict to support! 'Twixt two extremes of passion, joy and grief, Burst smilingly. ALBANY This speech of yours hath moved me, And shall perchance do good: but speak you on; You look as you had something more to say. ALBANY If there be more, more woeful, hold it in; For I am almost ready to dissolve, Hearing of this. EDGAR This would have seem'd a period To such as love not sorrow; but another, To amplify too much, would make much more, And top extremity. Whilst I was big in clamour came there in a man, Who, having seen me in my worst estate, Shunned my abhorr'd society; but then, finding Who 'twas that so endured, with his strong arms He fastened on my neck, and bellow'd out As he'd burst heaven; threw him on my father; Told the most piteous tale of Lear and him That ever ear received: which in recounting His grief grew puissant, and the strings of life Began to crack: twice then the trumpets sounded, Andthere I left him tranced. ALBANY But who was this? EDGAR Kent, sir, the banish'd Kent; who in disguise Followed his enemy king, and did him service Improper for a slave. [Enter a Gentleman, with a bloody knife] GENTLEMAN Help, help, O, help! EDGAR What kind of help? ALBANY Speak, man. GENTLEMAN What means that bloody knife? GENTLEMAN 'Tis hot, it smokes; It came even from the heart of—O, she's dead! ALBANY Who dead? speak, man. GENTLEMAN Your lady, sir, your lady: and her sister By her is poisoned; she hath confess'd it. EDMUND I was contracted to them both: all three Now marry in an instant. ALBANY Produce their bodies, be they alive or dead: This judgment of the heavens, that makes us tremble, Touches us not with pity. [Exit Gentleman] [Enter KENT] KENT I am come To bid my king and master aye good-night: If fortune brag of two she loved and hated, One of them we behold. ALBANY This is a dull sight. Are you not Kent? KENT The same, Your servant Kent: Where is your master, Lear? ALBANY Great thing of us forgot! Speak, Edmund, where's the king? and where's Cordelia? See'st thou this object, Kent? [The bodies of GONERIL and REGAN are brought in] KENT Alack, why thus? EDMUND Yet Edmund was beloved: The one the other poison'd for my sake, And after slew herself. ALBANY Even so. Cover their faces. EDMUND I pant for life: some good I mean to do, Despite of mine own nature. Quickly send, Be brief in it, to the castle; for my writ Is on the life of Lear and on Cordelia: Nay, send in time. ALBANY Run, run, O, run! EDGAR To who, my lord? Who hath the office? send Thy token of reprieve. EDMUND Well thought on: take my sword, Give it the captain. ALBANY Haste thee, for thy life. [Exit Edgar] EDMUND He hath commission from thy wife and me To hang Cordelia in the prison, and To lay the blame upon her own despair, That she fordid herself. ALBANY The gods defend her! [Enter LEAR, with CORDELIA dead in his arms; EDGAR, CAPTAIN, and others following] LEAR Howl, howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones: Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so That heaven's vault should crack. She's gone for ever! I know when one is dead, and when one lives; She's dead as earth. Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives. KENT Is this the promised end? EDGAR Or image of that horror? ALBANY Fall, and cease! LEAR This feather stirs; she lives! if it be so, It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows That ever I have felt. KENT [Kneeling] O my good master! LEAR Prithee, away. EDGAR 'Tis noble Kent, your friend. LEAR A plague upon you, murderers, traitors all! I might have saved her; now she's gone for ever! Cordelia, Cordelia! stay a little. Ha! What is't thou say'st? Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low, an excellent thing in woman. I kill'd the slave that was a-hanging her. CAPTAIN 'Tis true, my lords, he did. LEAR Did I not, fellow? I have seen the day, with my good biting falchion I would have made them skip: I am old now, And these same crosses spoil me. Who are you? Mine eyes are not o' the best: I'll tell you straight. KENT If fortune brag of two she loved and hated, One of them we behold. LEAR This is a dull sight. Are you not Kent? KENT The same, Your servant Kent. Where is your master, Lear? LEAR He's a good fellow, I can tell you that; He'll strike, and quickly too: he's dead and rotten. KENT No, my good lord; I am the very man,— LEAR I'll see that straight. KENT That, from your first of difference and decay, Have follow'd your sad steps. LEAR You are welcome hither. KENT Nor no man else: all's cheerless, dark, and deadly. Your eldest daughters have fordone themselves, And desperately are dead. LEAR Ay, so I think. ALBANY He knows not what he says: and vain it is That we present us to him. EDGAR Very bootless. [Enter a Captain] CAPTAIN Edmund is dead, my lord. ALBANY That's but a trifle here. You lords and noble friends, know our intent. What comfort to this great decay may come Shall be applied: for us, we will resign, During the life of this old majesty, To him our absolute power: [To EDGAR and KENT] you, to your rights: With boot, and such addition as your honours Have more than merited. All friends shall taste The wages of their virtue, and all foes The cup of their deservings. O, see, see! LEAR And my poor fool is hang'd! No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, And thou no breath at all? Thou'lt come no more, Never, never, never, never, never! Pray you, undo this button: thank you, sir. Do you see this? Look on her, look, her lips, Look there, look there! [Dies] EDGAR He faints! My lord, my lord! KENT Break, heart; I prithee, break! EDGAR Look up, my lord. KENT Vex not his ghost: O, let him pass! he hates him That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longer. EDGAR He is gone, indeed. KENT The wonder is, he hath endured so long: He but usurp'd his life. ALBANY Bear them from hence. Our present business Is general woe. [To KENT and EDGAR] Friends of my soul, you twain Rule in this realm, and the gored state sustain. KENT I have a journey, sir, shortly to go; My master calls me, I must not say no. ALBANY The weight of this sad time we must obey; Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. The oldest hath borne most: we that are young Shall never see so much, nor live so long. [Exeunt, with a dead march]
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The final scene of King Lear represents one of Shakespeare's bleakest endings, offering no redemption or restoration typical of tragic conclusions. The opening moments present a profound dramatic irony—while Lear finds unexpected joy in the prospect of imprisonment with Cordelia, the audience knows Edmund has already sealed their fate. Lear's fantasy of prison life ("We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage") reveals his complete withdrawal from the political world that destroyed his family, seeking refuge in a pastoral dream of father-daughter intimacy.The trial by combat between Edgar and Edmund functions as the play's moral reckoning, with Edgar serving as an instrument of poetic justice. His victory represents the triumph of legitimate birth and virtue over illegitimacy and villainy, though this conventional moral framework is immediately shattered by the deaths of Cordelia and Lear. Edmund's last-minute repentance ("Some good I mean to do, / Despite of mine own nature") suggests the possibility of human change, but it comes tragically too late to matter.Lear's entrance carrying Cordelia's body marks the emotional and thematic climax of the entire play. His repeated "Howl, howl, howl, howl!" reduces human language to pure animal grief, while his desperate search for signs of life...

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"We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage" — Lear (5.3.9)

"Upon such sacrifices, my Cordelia, / The gods themselves throw incense" — Lear (5.3.20-21)

"The gods are just, and of our pleasant vices / Make instruments to plague us" — Edgar (5.3.171-172)

"The wheel is come full circle: I am here" — Edmund (5.3.174)

"Some good I mean to do, / Despite of mine own nature" — Edmund (5.3.244-245)

"Howl, howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones" — Lear (5.3.258)

"She's gone for ever!" — Lear (5.3.259)

"Her voice was ever soft, / Gentle, and low, an excellent thing in woman" — Lear (5.3.273-274)

"And my poor fool is hang'd! No, no, no life!" — Lear (5.3.306)

"Never, never, never, never, never!" — Lear (5.3.308)

"Vex not his ghost: O, let him pass! he hates him / That would upon the rack of this tough world / Stretch him out longer" — Kent (5.3.314-316)

"The weight of this sad time we must obey; / Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say" — Albany (5.3.324-325)

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