King Lear Study Guide
Act IV, Scene 2
Before the Duke of Albany's palace.

Scene Summary

At Albany's palace, Goneril arrives with Edmund and receives unsettling news from Oswald that her husband Albany has undergone a dramatic personality change, now opposing their plans and dismissing their military preparations. Goneril gives Edmund a love token and passionate kiss, promising him command over her when Albany is eliminated, then sends him back to Cornwall to prepare for battle.

When Albany enters, the scene explodes into confrontation. The previously passive duke now unleashes his moral fury, calling Goneril a "changed and self-covered thing" and condemning her treatment of Lear with the famous line "Tigers, not daughters." He warns that such unnatural behavior will lead to humanity preying on itself "like monsters of the deep." Goneril responds by mocking him as "milk-livered" and weak.

A messenger arrives with shocking news: Cornwall is dead, killed by his own servant while blinding Gloucester's second eye. Albany sees divine justice in Cornwall's death but is horrified by Gloucester's complete blinding. Goneril's aside reveals her mixed feelings—she's pleased Cornwall is dead but worried that his widow Regan might now steal Edmund from her. The scene ends with Albany vowing to avenge both Lear and Gloucester, marking his complete transformation from passive observer to active opponent of evil.

Translation Style
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✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
[Enter GONERIL and EDMUND] GONERIL Welcome, my lord: I marvel our mild husband Not met us on the way. [Enter OSWALD] Now, where's your master? OSWALD Madam, within; but never man so changed. I told him of the army that was landed; He smiled at it: I told him you were coming; His answer was 'The worse:' of Gloucester's treachery, And of the loyal service of his son, When I inform'd him, then he call'd me sot, And told me I had turn'd the wrong side out: What most he should dislike seems pleasant to him; What like, offensive. GONERIL [To EDMUND] Then shall you go no further. It is the cowish terror of his spirit, That dares not undertake: he'll not feel wrongs Which tie him to an answer. Our wishes on the way May prove effects. Back, Edmund, to my brother; Hasten his musters and conduct his powers: I must change arms at home, and give the distaff Into my husband's hands. This trusty servant Shall pass between us: ere long you are like to hear, If you dare venture in your own behalf, A mistress's command. Wear this; spare speech; [Giving a favour] Decline your head: this kiss, if it durst speak, Would stretch thy spirits up into the air: Conceive, and fare thee well. EDMUND Yours in the ranks of death. GONERIL My most dear Gloucester! [Exit EDMUND] O, the difference of man and man! To thee a woman's services are due: My fool usurps my body. OSWALD Madam, here comes my lord. [Exit OSWALD] [Enter ALBANY] GONERIL I have been worth the whistle. ALBANY O Goneril! You are not worth the dust which the rude wind Blows in your face. I fear your disposition: That nature, which contemns its origin, Cannot be border'd certain in itself; She that herself will sliver and disbranch From her material sap, perforce must wither And come to deadly use. GONERIL No more; the text is foolish. ALBANY Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile: Filths savour but themselves. What have you done? Tigers, not daughters, what have you perform'd? A father, and a gracious aged man, Whose reverence even the head-lugg'd bear would lick, Most barbarous, most degenerate! have you madded. Could my good brother suffer you to do it? A man, a prince, by him so benefited! If that the heavens do not their visible spirits Send quickly down to tame these vile offences, It will come, Humanity must perforce prey on itself, Like monsters of the deep. GONERIL Milk-liver'd man! That bear'st a cheek for blows, a head for wrongs; Who hast not in thy brows an eye discerning Thine honour from thy suffering; that not know'st Fools do those villains pity who are punish'd Ere they have done their mischief. Where's thy drum? France spreads his banners in our noiseless land; With plumed helm thy state begins to threat; Whilst thou, a moral fool, sit'st still, and criest 'Alack, why does he so?' ALBANY See thyself, devil! Proper deformity seems not in the fiend So horrid as in woman. GONERIL O vain fool! ALBANY Thou changed and self-cover'd thing, for shame, Be-monster not thy feature. Were't my fitness To let these hands obey my blood, They are apt enough to dislocate and tear Thy flesh and bones: howe'er thou art a fiend, A woman's shape doth shield thee. GONERIL Marry, your manhood now-- [Enter a MESSENGER] ALBANY What news? MESSENGER O, my good lord, the Duke of Cornwall's dead: Slain by his servant, going to put out The other eye of Gloucester. ALBANY Gloucester's eyes! MESSENGER A servant that he bred, thrill'd with remorse, Opposed against the act, bending his sword To his great master; who, thereat enraged, Flew on him, and amongst them fell'd him dead; But not without that harmful stroke, which since Hath pluck'd him after. ALBANY This shows you are above, You justicers, that these our nether crimes So speedily can venge! But, O poor Gloucester! Lost he his other eye? MESSENGER Both, both, my lord. This letter, madam, craves a speedy answer; 'Tis from your sister. GONERIL [Aside] One way I like this well; But being widow, and my Gloucester with her, May all the building in my fancy pluck Upon my hateful life: another way, The news is not so tart.--I'll read, and answer. [Exit] ALBANY Where was his son when they did take his eyes? MESSENGER Come with my lady hither. ALBANY He is not here. MESSENGER No, my good lord; I met him back again. ALBANY Knows he the wickedness? MESSENGER Ay, my good lord; 'twas he inform'd against him; And quit the house on purpose, that their punishment Might have the freer course. ALBANY Gloucester, I live To thank thee for the love thou show'dst the king, And to revenge thine eyes. Come hither, friend: Tell me what more thou know'st. [Exeunt]
Modern English
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This pivotal scene marks a crucial turning point in the play's power dynamics, as Albany emerges from his previous passivity to become a moral force opposing the growing evil. His transformation parallels the play's broader theme that good must eventually confront corruption, even if belatedly. Shakespeare uses Albany's awakening to show how witnessing extreme cruelty can galvanize even the most reluctant into action, making him a key figure in the play's movement toward justice and resolution.The scene's opening establishes the twisted nature of Goneril and Edmund's relationship through dramatic irony—while they plot Albany's downfall, he is simultaneously discovering his moral strength. Goneril's gift of the love token and passionate kiss creates a parallel to the earlier love test, but now the tokens represent adultery and treachery rather than familial bonds. Her comment about giving "the distaff into my husband's hands" employs gender imagery to show how completely she has inverted natural order, taking on the masculine role while feminizing her husband.Albany's moral speeches contain some of the play's most powerful imagery of degeneration and unnaturalness. His metaphor of Goneril as a branch that "will sliver and disbranch from her material sap" connects to the play's recurring tree imagery while emphasizing...

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"Tigers, not daughters, what have you perform'd?" — Albany (4.2.40)

"Thou changed and self-cover'd thing, for shame, Be-monster not thy feature." — Albany (4.2.62-63)

"Humanity must perforce prey on itself, Like monsters of the deep." — Albany (4.2.49-50)

"Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile: Filths savour but themselves." — Albany (4.2.38-39)

"You are not worth the dust which the rude wind Blows in your face." — Albany (4.2.30-31)

"This shows you are above, You justicers, that these our nether crimes So speedily can venge!" — Albany (4.2.78-80)

"O, the difference of man and man! To thee a woman's services are due: My fool usurps my body." — Goneril (4.2.26-28)

"Milk-liver'd man! That bear'st a cheek for blows, a head for wrongs" — Goneril (4.2.50-51)

"One way I like this well; But being widow, and my Gloucester with her, May all the building in my fancy pluck Upon my hateful life" — Goneril (4.2.85-88)

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Mr. Shifflett
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