Act I, Scene 7 represents the crucial turning point where Macbeth's moral struggle reaches its climax and resolution. The scene's structure reflects the psychological battle within Macbeth: his extended soliloquy reveals a man who understands exactly why the murder is wrong, while the subsequent dialogue shows how external manipulation can override internal moral knowledge. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as neither purely evil nor innocent—he is a man capable of moral reasoning who nonetheless succumbs to ambition and manipulation.Macbeth's opening soliloquy is one of Shakespeare's finest examples of dramatic irony and psychological realism. The famous "If it were done when 'tis done" speech reveals Macbeth's sophisticated understanding of both practical and moral consequences. He recognizes that murder sets a precedent ("we but teach / Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return / To plague th' inventor"), anticipates divine justice, and acknowledges Duncan's virtue. The metaphor of the "poisoned chalice" that returns to the poisoner's own lips perfectly captures the self-destructive nature of evil acts.Lady Macbeth's manipulation tactics reveal Shakespeare's keen insight into human psychology. She attacks Macbeth's masculinity ("Art thou afeard / To be the same in thine own act and valor / As thou art in desire?"), questions his love for her,...
Scene Summary
In this pivotal scene, Macbeth wrestles with his conscience before the murder of Duncan. Alone, he delivers a famous soliloquy weighing the consequences of assassination, listing all the reasons he shouldn't kill Duncan: Duncan is his kinsman, his king, and his guest; Duncan is a virtuous ruler; and the act will bring divine justice upon him. Macbeth concludes he has no good reason to murder Duncan except his own "vaulting ambition."
When Lady Macbeth enters, Macbeth tells her they will "proceed no further in this business," having decided against the murder. Lady Macbeth responds with a fierce psychological assault, questioning his manhood and courage, comparing him to a coward who lets "I dare not" wait upon "I would." She shocks him by declaring she would have killed her own nursing baby if she had sworn to do so as he has sworn to kill Duncan.
Lady Macbeth then outlines her plan: she will drug Duncan's guards with wine until they pass out, allowing Macbeth to kill Duncan with the guards' own daggers, making them appear guilty. Convinced by her resolve and strategy, Macbeth agrees to proceed with the murder, declaring "I am settled" and vowing to put on a false face to hide his treacherous intentions.
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"If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well / It were done quickly." — Macbeth (1.7.1-2)
"But in these cases / We still have judgment here, that we but teach / Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return / To plague th' inventor." — Macbeth (1.7.7-10)
"He's here in double trust: / First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, / Strong both against the deed; then, as his host" — Macbeth (1.7.12-14)
"Besides, this Duncan / Hath borne his faculties so meek, so clear / In his great office, that his virtues will plead / Like angels, trumpet-tongued" — Macbeth (1.7.16-19)
"I have no spur / To prick the sides of my vainglory but only / Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself / And falls on th' other." — Macbeth (1.7.25-28)
"We will proceed no further in this business." — Macbeth (1.7.31)
"Was the hope drunk / Wherein you dressed yourself?" — Lady Macbeth (1.7.35-36)
"Art thou afeard / To be the same in thine own act and valor / As thou art in desire?" — Lady Macbeth (1.7.39-41)
"Letting 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would,' / Like the poor cat i' th' adage?" — Lady Macbeth (1.7.44-45)
"I dare do all that may become a man. / Who dares do more is none." — Macbeth (1.7.46-47)
"When you durst do it, then you were a man" — Lady Macbeth (1.7.49)
"I have given suck, and know / How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me. / I would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have plucked my boneless gums / And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn / As you have done to this." — Lady Macbeth (1.7.54-59)
"But screw your courage to the sticking-place, / And we'll not fail." — Lady Macbeth (1.7.60-61)
"False face must hide what the false heart doth know." — Macbeth (1.7.82)
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