Macbeth Study Guide
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Act I, Scene 5
Inverness. Macbeth's castle.

Scene Summary

Lady Macbeth reads her husband's letter describing his encounter with the witches and their prophecy that he will become king. She immediately recognizes the opportunity but fears Macbeth lacks the ruthless ambition needed to seize the crown. When a messenger arrives with news that King Duncan will visit their castle that night, Lady Macbeth sees the perfect chance for murder.

In her famous "unsex me here" soliloquy, Lady Macbeth calls upon dark spirits to strip away her feminine compassion and fill her with cruelty. When Macbeth arrives, she quickly takes charge of the murder plot, instructing him to "look like the innocent flower, / But be the serpent under't" while she handles the details of Duncan's assassination.

Translation Style
✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
[Enter LADY MACBETH, reading a letter] LADY MACBETH They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge. When I burned in desire to question them further, they made themselves air, into which they vanished. Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-hailed me 'Thane of Cawdor;' by which title, before, these weird sisters saluted me, and referred me to the coming on of time, with 'Hail, king that shalt be!' This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thou mightst not lose the dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of what greatness is promised thee. Lay it to thy heart, and farewell. Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be What thou art promised: yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly, That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win: thou'ldst have, great Glamis, That which cries 'Thus thou must do, if thou have it;' And that which rather thou dost fear to do Than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crown'd withal. [Enter a MESSENGER] MESSENGER The king comes here to-night. LADY MACBETH Thou'rt mad to say it: Is not thy master with him? who, were't so, Would have inform'd for preparation. MESSENGER So please you, it is true: our thane is coming: One of my fellows had the speed of him, Who, almost dead for breath, had scarcely more Than would make up his message. LADY MACBETH Give him tending; He brings great news. [Exit MESSENGER] The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood; Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it! Come to my woman's breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers, Wherever in your sightless substances You wait on nature's mischief! Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, To cry 'Hold, hold!' [Enter MACBETH] Great Glamis! worthy Cawdor! Greater than both, by the all-hail hereafter! Thy letters have transported me beyond This ignorant present, and I feel now The future in the instant. MACBETH My dearest love, Duncan comes here to-night. LADY MACBETH And when goes hence? MACBETH To-morrow, as he purposes. LADY MACBETH O, never Shall sun that morrow see! Your face, my thane, is as a book where men May read strange matters. To beguile the time, Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye, Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent under't. He that's coming Must be provided for: and you shall put This night's great business into my dispatch; Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom. MACBETH We will speak further. LADY MACBETH Only look up clear; To alter favour ever is to fear: Leave all the rest to me. [Exeunt]
Modern English
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This pivotal scene establishes Lady Macbeth as the driving force behind the murder plot and introduces one of Shakespeare's most complex female characters. Her analysis of Macbeth's character reveals deep psychological insight — she recognizes his ambition but understands that his moral nature will prevent him from acting decisively. The phrase "too full o' the milk of human kindness" uses maternal imagery to suggest that Macbeth's compassion is both natural and potentially weakness.

Lady Macbeth's soliloquy calling upon spirits to "unsex" her represents a deliberate rejection of traditional feminine qualities. She asks to be filled with cruelty and stripped of remorse, creating a disturbing inversion of natural order. The imagery shifts from milk (nurturing) to blood (violence) to gall (bitterness), charting her psychological transformation from woman to something monstrous.

The scene demonstrates Lady Macbeth's superior political cunning and manipulative skills. Her immediate recognition that Duncan's visit provides the perfect opportunity shows her strategic mind at work. The metaphor of looking "like the innocent flower / But be the serpent under't" encapsulates the central theme of appearance versus reality while alluding to the Biblical serpent in Eden.

Shakespeare establishes the power dynamic in the Macbeth marriage through their brief exchange. Lady Macbeth's commanding tone and decisive action contrast sharply with Macbeth's hesitant "We will speak further." Her final instruction to "Leave all the rest to me" positions her as the architect of Duncan's doom, making her complicit in — if not responsible for — the tragedy that follows.

"It is too full o' the milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.17-18)

"Come, you spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty!" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.40-43)

"Come to my woman's breasts, / And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.47-48)

"Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.50-51)

"Your face, my thane, is as a book where men / May read strange matters" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.62-63)

"Look like the innocent flower, / But be the serpent under't" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.65-66)

"Leave all the rest to me" — Lady Macbeth (1.5.73)

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Mr. Shifflett's Note
Mr. Shifflett
Mr. Shifflett
English Teacher · Seoul International School
Hey! I built this study guide and sprinkled my own teaching notes throughout — look for the gold highlights ✎ as you read.

These are the same insights I share with my students in class. I hope they help you see what makes Shakespeare's writing so brilliant. Enjoy!
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