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Act III, Scene 4
The Banquet / Banquo's Ghost

Scene Summary

Macbeth hosts a royal banquet for his lords, attempting to appear as a gracious king. During the feast, one of Banquo's murderers arrives and reports that while Banquo is dead, Fleance has escaped. This news disturbs Macbeth, as Fleance's survival means the witches' prophecy about Banquo's descendants could still come true.

As Macbeth tries to return to the banquet, Banquo's ghost appears and sits in Macbeth's chair—visible only to Macbeth. The king's horrified reaction confuses and alarms the guests, but Lady Macbeth quickly covers for her husband, claiming he has suffered from such fits since youth. She tries to calm both Macbeth and their guests, but when the ghost reappears, Macbeth's second breakdown becomes so severe that Lady Macbeth must dismiss all the nobles immediately.

After the guests leave, Macbeth reflects on the unnatural events and learns that Macduff refused to attend the banquet. Feeling increasingly paranoid and isolated, Macbeth decides to visit the witches again to learn more about his fate. He realizes he is now so deep in blood that he must continue forward rather than attempt to turn back.

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Original Text
MACBETH You know your own degrees; sit down. At first And last the hearty welcome. LORDS Thanks to your majesty. MACBETH Ourself will mingle with society, And play the humble host. Our hostess keeps her state, but in best time We will require her welcome. LADY MACBETH Pronounce it for me, sir, to all our friends; For my heart speaks they are welcome. [Enter FIRST MURDERER to the door] MACBETH There's blood on thy face. MURDERER 'Tis Banquo's then. MACBETH 'Tis better thee without than he within. Is he dispatched? MURDERER My lord, his throat is cut; that I did for him. MACBETH Thou art the best o' the cut-throats: yet he's good That did the like for Fleance. If thou didst it, Thou art the nonpareil. MURDERER Most royal sir, Fleance is 'scaped. MACBETH Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, As broad and general as the casing air: But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears. But Banquo's safe? MURDERER Ay, my good lord: safe in a ditch he bides, With twenty trenched gashes on his head; The least a death to nature. MACBETH Thanks for that. There the grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled Hath nature that in time will venom breed, No teeth for the present. Get thee gone: tomorrow We'll hear, ourselves, again. [Exit MURDERER] LADY MACBETH My royal lord, You do not give the cheer: the feast is sold That is not often vouched, while 'tis a-making, 'Tis given with welcome: to feed were best at home; From thence the sauce to meat is ceremony; Meeting were bare without it. MACBETH Sweet remembrancer! Now, good digestion wait on appetite, And health on both! LENNOX May't please your highness sit. [BANQUO's GHOST enters, and sits in MACBETH's place] MACBETH Here had we now our country's honor roofed, Were the graced person of our Banquo present; Who may I rather challenge for unkindness Than pity for mischance! ROSS His absence, sir, Lays blame upon his promise. Please't your highness To grace us with your royal company. MACBETH The table's full. LENNOX Here is a place reserved, sir. MACBETH Where? LENNOX Here, my good lord. What is't that moves your highness? MACBETH Which of you have done this? LORDS What, my good lord? MACBETH Thou canst not say I did it: never shake Thy gory locks at me. ROSS Gentlemen, rise: his highness is not well. LADY MACBETH Sit, worthy friends: my lord is often thus, And hath been from his youth: pray you, keep seat; The fit is momentary; upon a thought He will again be well: if much you note him, You shall offend him and extend his passion: Feed, and regard him not. Are you a man? MACBETH Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that Which might appal the devil. LADY MACBETH O proper stuff! This is the very painting of your fear: This is the air-drawn dagger which, you said, Led you to Duncan. O, these flaws and starts, Impostors to true fear, would well become A woman's story at a winter's fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all's done, You look but on a stool. MACBETH Prithee, see there! behold! look! lo! how say you? Why, what care I? If thou canst nod, speak too. If charnel-houses and our graves must send Those that we bury back, our monuments Shall be the maws of kites. [GHOST OF BANQUO vanishes] LADY MACBETH What, quite unmann'd in folly? MACBETH If I stand here, I saw him. LADY MACBETH Fie, for shame! MACBETH Blood hath been shed ere now, i' the olden time, Ere human statute purged the gentle weal; Ay, and since too, murders have been perform'd Too terrible for the ear: the times have been, That, when the brains were out, the man would die, And there an end; but now they rise again, With twenty mortal murders on their crowns, And push us from our stools: this is more strange Than such a murder is. LADY MACBETH My worthy lord, Your noble friends do lack you. MACBETH I do forget. Do not muse at me, my most worthy friends, I have a strange infirmity, which is nothing To those that know me. Come, love and health to all; Then I'll sit down. Give me some wine; fill full. I drink to the general joy o' the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; Would he were here! to all, and him, we thirst, And all to all. LORDS Our duties, and the pledge. [Re-enter GHOST OF BANQUO] MACBETH Avaunt! and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes Which thou dost glare with! LADY MACBETH Think of this, good peers, But as a thing of custom: 'tis no other; Only it spoils the pleasure of the time. MACBETH What man dare, I dare: Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear, The arm'd rhinoceros, or the Hyrcan tiger; Take any shape but that, and my firm nerves Shall never tremble: or be alive again, And dare me to the desert with thy sword; If trembling I inhabit then, protest me The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence! [GHOST OF BANQUO vanishes] Why, so: being gone, I am a man again. Pray you, sit still. LADY MACBETH You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting, With most admired disorder. MACBETH Can such things be, And overcome us like a summer's cloud, Without our special wonder? You make me strange Even to the disposition that I owe, When now I think you can behold such sights, And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks, When mine is blanched with fear. ROSS What sights, my lord? LADY MACBETH I pray you, speak not; he grows worse and worse; Question enrages him. At once, good night: Stand not upon the order of your going, But go at once. LENNOX Good night; and better health Attend his majesty! LADY MACBETH A kind good night to all! [Exeunt all but MACBETH and LADY MACBETH] MACBETH It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood: Stones have been known to move and trees to speak; Augurs and understood relations have By magot-pies and choughs and rooks brought forth The secret'st man of blood. What is the night? LADY MACBETH Almost at odds with morning, which is which. MACBETH How say'st thou, that Macduff denies his person At our great bidding? LADY MACBETH Did you send to him, sir? MACBETH I hear it by the way; but I will send: There's not a one of them but in his house I keep a servant fee'd. I will tomorrow, And betimes I will, to the weird sisters: More shall they speak; for now I am bent to know, By the worst means, the worst. For mine own good, All causes shall give way: I am in blood Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er: Strange things I have in head, that will to hand; Which must be acted ere they may be scann'd. LADY MACBETH You lack the season of all natures, sleep. MACBETH Come, we'll to sleep. My strange and self-abuse Is the initiate fear that wants hard use: We are yet but young in deed.
Modern English

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This scene represents the dramatic climax of Macbeth's psychological deterioration and marks the point where his public facade completely crumbles. The banquet was meant to be a symbol of Macbeth's successful reign and his ability to unite the nobles, but instead becomes a catastrophic revelation of his guilt-ridden mental state. Shakespeare uses the supernatural appearance of Banquo's ghost to externalize Macbeth's internal torment, creating a powerful moment of dramatic irony where the audience sees both the ghost (which may be real) and Macbeth's visible breakdown, while the other characters see only a king losing his sanity.Lady Macbeth's role in this scene showcases her quick thinking and political acumen, as she immediately recognizes the danger of Macbeth's public breakdown and works to contain the damage. Her lie that Macbeth "is often thus, / And hath been from his youth" demonstrates her skill at deception and damage control, yet also reveals the growing strain on their relationship. The contrast between her composed exterior and private desperation highlights the theme of appearance versus reality that runs throughout the play.The ghost's appearance raises questions about the nature of reality and guilt. Whether supernatural or psychological, Banquo's ghost serves as a manifestation of divine justice...

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"'Tis better thee without than he within." — Macbeth (3.4.14)

"Thou art the nonpareil." — Macbeth (3.4.19)

"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, / Whole as the marble, founded as the rock" — Macbeth (3.4.20-21)

"There the grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled / Hath nature that in time will venom breed" — Macbeth (3.4.28-29)

"The table's full." — Macbeth (3.4.46)

"Which of you have done this?" — Macbeth (3.4.49)

"Thou canst not say I did it: never shake / Thy gory locks at me." — Macbeth (3.4.50-51)

"Sit, worthy friends: my lord is often thus, / And hath been from his youth" — Lady Macbeth (3.4.53-54)

"Are you a man?" — Lady Macbeth (3.4.58)

"Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that / Which might appal the devil." — Macbeth (3.4.59-60)

"This is the very painting of your fear: / This is the air-drawn dagger" — Lady Macbeth (3.4.61-62)

"If charnel-houses and our graves must send / Those that we bury back, our monuments / Shall be the maws of kites." — Macbeth (3.4.70-72)

"Blood hath been shed ere now, i' the olden time" — Macbeth (3.4.75)

"But now they rise again, / With twenty mortal murders on their crowns, / And push us from our stools" — Macbeth (3.4.79-81)

"Avaunt! and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee!" — Macbeth (3.4.93)

"What man dare, I dare: / Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear, / The arm'd rhinoceros, or the Hyrcan tiger" — Macbeth (3.4.99-101)

"Hence, horrible shadow! / Unreal mockery, hence!" — Macbeth (3.4.106-107)

"It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood" — Macbeth (3.4.122)

"I am in blood / Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, / Returning were as tedious as go o'er" — Macbeth (3.4.136-138)

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Mr. Shifflett's Note
Mr. Shifflett
Mr. Shifflett
English Teacher · Seoul International School
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