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Act III, Scene 1
Forres. The palace.

Scene Summary

The scene opens with Banquo alone, voicing his suspicions that Macbeth has committed murder to fulfill the witches' prophecies. Though he fears Macbeth "play'dst most foully" for the crown, Banquo also reflects on the prophecy that his own descendants will be kings. When Macbeth enters as the new king with Lady Macbeth and the court, he engages Banquo in seemingly friendly conversation, inviting him to a feast and asking about his afternoon ride with his son Fleance.

After Banquo leaves, Macbeth reveals his deep paranoia in a powerful soliloquy. He realizes that being king means nothing if he cannot be "safely thus," and he fears Banquo above all others. Tormented by the prophecy that Banquo's sons will inherit the throne, Macbeth feels he has murdered Duncan only to benefit Banquo's line. He summons two murderers whom he has previously convinced that Banquo is their enemy, manipulating them with rhetoric about manhood and revenge.

Macbeth successfully recruits the murderers to kill both Banquo and Fleance that very night, ensuring they understand the importance of eliminating Fleance as well. The scene ends with Macbeth's chilling declaration that Banquo's soul "must find [heaven] out tonight," sealing the decision for another murder.

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Original Text
[Enter BANQUO] BANQUO Thou hast it now: King, Cawdor, Glamis, all, As the weird women promised, and I fear Thou play'dst most foully for't. Yet it was said It should not stand in thy posterity, But that myself should be the root and father Of many kings. If there come truth from them— As upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine— Why, by the verities on thee made good, May they not be my oracles as well, And set me up in hope? But hush, no more. [Sennet sounded. Enter MACBETH, as king, LADY MACBETH, as queen, LENNOX, ROSS, Lords, Ladies, and Attendants] MACBETH Here's our chief guest. LADY MACBETH If he had been forgotten, It had been as a gap in our great feast, And all-thing unbecoming. MACBETH Tonight we hold a solemn supper sir, And I'll request your presence. BANQUO Let your highness Command upon me; to the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie Forever knit. MACBETH Ride you this afternoon? BANQUO Ay, my good lord. MACBETH We should have else desired your good advice, Which still hath been both grave and prosperous, In this day's council; but we'll take tomorrow. Is't far you ride? BANQUO As far, my lord, as will fill up the time 'Twixt this and supper. Go not my horse the better, I must become a borrower of the night For a dark hour or twain. MACBETH Fail not our feast. BANQUO My lord, I will not. MACBETH We hear, our bloody cousins are bestowed In England and in Ireland, but not confessed Their cruel parricide, and filled their hearers With strange invention. But of that tomorrow, When therewithal we shall have cause of state Craving us jointly. Hie you to horse. Adieu, Till you return at night. Goes Fleance with you? BANQUO Ay, my good lord: our time does call upon's. MACBETH I wish your horses swift and sure of foot; And so I do commend you to their backs. Farewell. [Exit BANQUO] Let every man be master of his time Till seven at night. To make society The sweeter welcome, we will keep ourself Till suppertime alone. While then, God be with you! [Exeunt all but MACBETH and an Attendant] Sirrah, a word with you: attend those men Our pleasure? ATTENDANT They are, my lord, without the palace gate. MACBETH Bring them before us. [Exit Attendant] To be thus is nothing; But to be safely thus.—Our fears in Banquo Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be feared: 'tis much he dares; And, to that dauntless temper of his mind, He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valor To act in safety. There is none but he Whose being I do fear: and, under him, My Genius is rebuked; as, it is said, Mark Antony's was by Caesar. He chid the sisters When first they put the name of king upon me, And bade them speak to him: then prophet-like They hailed him father to a line of kings: Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren scepter in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding. If 't be so, For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind; For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; Put rancors in the vessel of my peace Only for them; and mine eternal jewel Given to the common enemy of man, To make them kings, the seed of Banquo kings! Rather than so, come fate into the list. And champion me to the utterance! Who's there! [Re-enter Attendant, with two Murderers] Now go to the door, and stay there till we call. [Exit Attendant] Was it not yesterday we spoke together? FIRST MURDERER It was, so please your highness. MACBETH Well then, now Have you considered of my speeches? Know That it was he in the times past which held you So under fortune, which you thought had been Our innocent self: this I made good to you In our last conference, passed in probation with you, How you were borne in hand, how crossed, The instruments, Who wrought with them, and all things else that might To half a soul and to a notion crazed Say 'Thus did Banquo.' FIRST MURDERER You made it known to us. MACBETH I did so, and went further, which is now Our point of second meeting. Do you find Your patience so predominant in your nature That you can let this go? Are you so gospeled To pray for this good man and for his issue, Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave And beggared yours forever? FIRST MURDERER We are men, my liege. MACBETH Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men; As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs and demi-wolves, are clept All by the name of dogs: the valued file Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, The housekeeper, the hunter, every one According to the gift which bounteous nature Hath in him closed; whereby he does receive Particular addition. from the bill That writes them all alike: and so of men. Now, if you have a station in the file, Not i' the worst rank of manhood, say 't; And I will put that business in your bosoms, Whose execution takes your enemy off, Grapples you to the heart and love of us, Who wear our health but sickly in his life, Which in his death were perfect. SECOND MURDERER I am one, my liege, Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world Have so incensed that I am reckless what I do to spite the world. FIRST MURDERER And I another So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune, That I would set my lie on any chance, To mend it, or be rid on't. MACBETH Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. BOTH MURDERERS True, my lord. MACBETH So is he mine; and in such bloody distance, That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life: and though I could With barefaced power sweep him from my sight And bid my will avouch it, yet I must not, For certain friends that are both his and mine, Whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fall Who I myself struck down; and thence it is, That I to your assistance do make love, Masking the business from the common eye For sundry weighty reasons. SECOND MURDERER We shall, my lord, Perform what you command us. FIRST MURDERER Though our lives— MACBETH Your spirits shine through you. Within this hour at most I will advise you where to plant yourselves; Acquaint you with the perfect spy o' the time, The moment on't; for't must be done tonight, And something from the palace; always thought That I require a clearness: and with him— To leave no rubs nor botches in the work— Fleance his son, that keeps him company, Whose absence is no less material to me Than is his father's, must embrace the fate Of that dark hour. Resolve yourselves apart: I'll come to you anon. BOTH MURDERERS We are resolved, my lord. MACBETH I'll call upon you straight: abide within. [Exeunt Murderers] It is concluded. Banquo, thy soul's flight, If it find heaven, must find it out tonight. [Exit]
Modern English

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Act III, Scene 1 marks a crucial turning point where Macbeth transitions from reactive victim of circumstances to active orchestrator of evil. The scene opens with dramatic irony as Banquo voices suspicions that the audience knows to be true, creating tension between knowledge and ignorance. Banquo's soliloquy establishes him as the moral compass of the play, someone who recognizes evil but chooses not to act on mere suspicion—a stark contrast to Macbeth's increasingly impulsive violence.Macbeth's central soliloquy ("To be thus is nothing; / But to be safely thus") reveals the psychological torment of his position. The paradox of his situation—that achieving his ambition has only created new fears—demonstrates how unchecked ambition becomes self-destructive. His metaphor of the "fruitless crown" and "barren scepter" shows how the prophecy about Banquo's line poisons even his moment of triumph. The allusion to Mark Antony and Caesar reinforces Macbeth's sense of being diminished by a superior presence.Shakespeare employs powerful imagery throughout Macbeth's manipulation of the murderers. His extended metaphor comparing men to different breeds of dogs serves both to flatter and insult the murderers, suggesting they can rise above their current station through violence. This rhetoric reveals Macbeth's growing skill as a manipulator, using the...

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"Thou hast it now: King, Cawdor, Glamis, all, / As the weird women promised, and I fear / Thou play'dst most foully for't." — Banquo (3.1.1-3)

"To be thus is nothing; / But to be safely thus." — Macbeth (3.1.47-48)

"Our fears in Banquo / Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature / Reigns that which would be feared." — Macbeth (3.1.48-50)

"Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, / And put a barren scepter in my gripe, / Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, / No son of mine succeeding." — Macbeth (3.1.60-63)

"For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind; / For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered." — Macbeth (3.1.64-65)

"mine eternal jewel / Given to the common enemy of man" — Macbeth (3.1.67-68)

"Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men; / As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, / Shoughs, water-rugs and demi-wolves, are clept / All by the name of dogs." — Macbeth (3.1.91-94)

"I am one, my liege, / Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world / Have so incensed that I am reckless what / I do to spite the world." — Second Murderer (3.1.107-110)

"Banquo, thy soul's flight, / If it find heaven, must find it out tonight." — Macbeth (3.1.140-141)

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Mr. Shifflett
Mr. Shifflett
English Teacher · Seoul International School
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