Twelfth Night Study Guide
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Act I, Scene 4
Duke Orsino's palace

Scene Summary

Viola, now disguised as the young man "Cesario," has quickly won Duke Orsino's trust and confidence. Orsino sends Cesario to woo Olivia on his behalf, noting that Cesario's youthful, feminine features will make the message more persuasive than an older messenger's delivery. In an aside, Viola reveals her dilemma: she has fallen in love with Orsino herself, yet must woo another woman on his behalf.

Translation Style
✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
[Enter VALENTINE and VIOLA in man's attire] VALENTINE. If the duke continue these favours towards you, Cesario, you are like to be much advanced: he hath known you but three days, and already you are no stranger. VIOLA. You either fear his humour or my negligence, that you call in question the continuance of his love: is he inconstant, sir, in his favours? VALENTINE. No, believe me. VIOLA. I thank you. Here comes the count. [Enter DUKE ORSINO, CURIO, and Attendants] DUKE ORSINO. Who saw Cesario, ho? VIOLA. On your attendance, my lord; here. DUKE ORSINO. Stand you a while aloof, Cesario, Thou know'st no less but all; I have unclasp'd To thee the book even of my secret soul: Therefore, good youth, address thy gait unto her; Be not denied access, stand at her doors, And tell them, there thy fixed foot shall grow Till thou have audience. VIOLA. Sure, my noble lord, If she be so abandon'd to her sorrow As it is spoke, she never will admit me. DUKE ORSINO. Be clamorous and leap all civil bounds Rather than make unprofited return. VIOLA. Say I do speak with her, my lord, what then? DUKE ORSINO. O, then unfold the passion of my love, Surprise her with discourse of my dear faith: It shall become thee well to act my woes; She will attend it better in thy youth Than in a nuncio's of more grave aspect. VIOLA. I think not so, my lord. DUKE ORSINO. Dear lad, believe it; For they shall yet belie thy happy years, That say thou art a man: Diana's lip Is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe Is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound, And all is semblative a woman's part. I know thy constellation is right apt For this affair. Some four or five attend him; All, if you will; for I myself am best When least in company. Prosper well in this, And thou shalt live as freely as thy lord, To call his fortunes thine. VIOLA. I'll do my best To woo your lady: [Aside] yet, a barful strife! Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife. [Exeunt]
Modern English
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This brief but pivotal scene establishes the play's central love triangle. In just three days, Viola-as-Cesario has become Orsino's closest confidant — he has "unclasp'd the book even of my secret soul." This rapid intimacy is both a testament to Viola's skill at her disguise and an ironic commentary on Orsino's character: the man who claims to be consumed by love for Olivia pours his heart out to a stranger he barely knows.

Orsino's description of Cesario is loaded with dramatic irony. He notes that Cesario's lips are smooth as Diana's, his voice high and clear "as the maiden's organ," and his whole appearance is "semblative a woman's part." The audience knows what Orsino doesn't — that these feminine qualities are no semblance at all. Shakespeare layers the irony further: Orsino is attracted to Cesario's femininity without recognizing it as actual womanhood, a dynamic that quietly challenges the boundaries between friendship and desire.

The language of performance and acting runs throughout the scene. Orsino tells Cesario to "act my woes" and "unfold the passion of my love" — essentially asking Viola to perform a role within her role. This theatrical recursion (a disguised actor playing a character performing another character's emotions) is quintessential Shakespeare, and it raises questions about the authenticity of all the emotions on display. If love can be successfully "acted," what distinguishes performance from genuine feeling?

Viola's aside — "Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife" — is the scene's emotional anchor. Delivered directly to the audience, it reveals the painful gap between her public duty and private desire. The rhyming couplet gives this revelation a sense of inevitability, as if the comic complication has been sealed by fate. It also establishes Viola's role as the play's emotional truth-teller: while others perform and posture, she alone acknowledges the gap between what she feels and what she shows.

"I have unclasp'd / To thee the book even of my secret soul." — Orsino (I.4.13-14)

"Diana's lip / Is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe / Is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound, / And all is semblative a woman's part." — Orsino (I.4.31-34)

"Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife." — Viola [aside] (I.4.42)

Themes
Disguise and Identity Love Triangle Performance Gender Dramatic Irony Desire
Literary Devices
Dramatic Irony Aside Rhyming Couplet Imagery Foreshadowing Metaphor
Characters
Viola (as Cesario) Duke Orsino Valentine Curio
Motifs
Disguise Performance Books and Secrets Youth
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