Twelfth Night Study Guide
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Act I, Scene 2
The sea-coast

Scene Summary

Viola washes ashore in Illyria after a shipwreck, fearing her twin brother Sebastian has drowned. The Captain comforts her with a story of seeing Sebastian lash himself to a mast. Viola learns about Duke Orsino and his unrequited love for the mourning Lady Olivia. Unable to serve Olivia directly, Viola hatches a plan: she will disguise herself as a young man and enter Orsino's service, using her talents in music and speech to win his favor.

Translation Style
✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
[Enter VIOLA, a Captain, and Sailors] VIOLA. What country, friends, is this? CAPTAIN. This is Illyria, lady. VIOLA. And what should I do in Illyria? My brother he is in Elysium. Perchance he is not drown'd: what think you, sailors? CAPTAIN. It is perchance that you yourself were saved. VIOLA. O my poor brother! and so perchance may he be. CAPTAIN. True, madam: and, to comfort you with chance, Assure yourself, after our ship did split, When you and those poor number saved with you Hung on our driving boat, I saw your brother, Most provident in peril, bind himself, Courage and hope both teaching him the practise, To a strong mast that lived upon the sea; Where, like Arion on the dolphin's back, I saw him hold acquaintance with the waves So long as I could see. VIOLA. For saying so, there's gold: Mine own escape unfoldeth to my hope, Whereto thy speech serves for authority, The like of him. Know'st thou this country? CAPTAIN. Ay, madam, well; for I was bred and born Not three hours' travel from this very place. VIOLA. Who governs here? CAPTAIN. A noble duke, in nature as in name. VIOLA. What is the name? CAPTAIN. Orsino. VIOLA. Orsino! I have heard my father name him: He was a bachelor then. CAPTAIN. And so is now, or was so very late; For but a month ago I went from hence, And then 'twas fresh in murmur,--as, you know, What great ones do the less will prattle of,-- That he did seek the love of fair Olivia. VIOLA. What's she? CAPTAIN. A virtuous maid, the daughter of a count That died some twelvemonth since, then leaving her In the protection of his son, her brother, Who shortly also died: for whose dear love, They say, she hath abjured the company And sight of men. VIOLA. O that I served that lady And might not be delivered to the world, Till I had made mine own occasion mellow, What my estate is! CAPTAIN. That were hard to compass; Because she will admit no kind of suit, No, not the duke's. VIOLA. There is a fair behavior in thee, captain; And though that nature with a beauteous wall Doth oft close in pollution, yet of thee I will believe thou hast a mind that suits With this thy fair and outward character. I prithee, and I'll pay thee bounteously, Conceal me what I am, and be my aid For such disguise as haply shall become The form of my intent. I'll serve this duke: Thou shall present me as an eunuch to him: It may be worth thy pains; for I can sing And speak to him in many sorts of music That will allow me very worth his service. What else may hap to time I will commit; Only shape thou thy silence to my wit. CAPTAIN. Be you his eunuch, and your mute I'll be: When my tongue blabs, then let mine eyes not see. VIOLA. I thank thee: lead me on. [Exeunt]
Modern English
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Scene 2 introduces Viola, the play's true protagonist, and her situation could not be more different from Orsino's. Where Orsino lounges in self-created melancholy, Viola faces genuine crisis: shipwreck, possible bereavement, and the vulnerability of being a woman alone in a strange land. Her grief for Sebastian is real and immediate, yet she moves quickly from mourning to pragmatic action — a stark contrast to both Orsino's and Olivia's extended postures of suffering.

The wordplay on "perchance" (perhaps/by chance) in the scene's opening lines establishes chance and fortune as driving forces of the plot. Viola's pun connecting "Illyria" and "Elysium" (the afterlife) subtly links the play's exotic setting with a realm between life and death — a liminal space where identities can be shed and reinvented. This liminality is central to what follows.

Viola's decision to disguise herself as a man is the play's catalytic moment. Unlike many of Shakespeare's cross-dressing heroines who adopt disguise out of pure necessity, Viola's choice is strategic and deliberate. She assesses her situation, weighs her options, and devises a plan — demonstrating the resourcefulness and intelligence that will define her throughout. The disguise also introduces the play's central concern with identity: who we are versus who we appear to be, and whether outward form reveals or conceals inner truth.

The Captain's account of Sebastian clinging to a mast "like Arion on the dolphin's back" introduces a classical allusion to the poet-musician saved from drowning by music-loving dolphins. This mythological echo reinforces the play's association of music with survival and transformation, and it keeps alive the possibility that Sebastian lives — a hope the audience needs to sustain the comedy's eventual resolution.

Viola's trust in the Captain — "I will believe thou hast a mind that suits / With this thy fair and outward character" — is ironic given that she is about to make her own outward character radically misleading. Yet her instinct proves correct, and the scene establishes a pattern: in Twelfth Night, those who read character accurately (Viola, the Captain) thrive, while those deceived by surfaces (Orsino, Olivia, Malvolio) suffer comic consequences.

"What country, friends, is this?" / "This is Illyria, lady." / "And what should I do in Illyria? My brother he is in Elysium." — Viola & Captain (I.2.1-3)

"Conceal me what I am, and be my aid / For such disguise as haply shall become / The form of my intent." — Viola (I.2.49-51)

"What else may hap to time I will commit; / Only shape thou thy silence to my wit." — Viola (I.2.57-58)

Themes
Disguise and Identity Survival Grief Fortune and Chance Gender Agency
Literary Devices
Pun Classical Allusion Dramatic Irony Foreshadowing Wordplay Contrast
Characters
Viola Captain
Motifs
The Sea Shipwreck Disguise Music Fortune
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