Act V, Scene 1 is the scene where Romeo seizes control of his fate — and in doing so, destroys himself. It opens with one of Shakespeare's cruelest dramatic ironies: Romeo's dream. He dreams that Juliet found him dead and "breathed such life with kisses in my lips, / That I revived." This is almost exactly what the Friar's plan requires — Juliet will wake, find Romeo, and they will start a new life. But Romeo interprets the dream as a good omen rather than a literal preview, and within thirty lines the dream curdles into nightmare. Balthasar's delivery of the news is devastating in its simplicity: "Her body sleeps in Capel's monument." His choice of the word "sleeps" is an unconscious truth — she is sleeping — but Romeo hears only death. The failed letter is the mechanism of tragedy: Balthasar has "no letters from the friar," and Romeo never thinks to wait for one. His response — "Is it even so? then I defy you, stars!" — is the play's most famous declaration of rebellion against fate. But the irony is shattering: Romeo believes he is defying destiny by choosing death, when in fact fate is using his defiance...
Scene Summary
In Mantua, Romeo wakes from a dream in which Juliet revived him with a kiss. Balthasar arrives with the news that Juliet is dead and has been placed in the Capulet tomb. Romeo immediately declares he will defy fate, return to Verona, and die beside Juliet. He seeks out a destitute apothecary and buys a lethal poison, despite it being illegal in Mantua. Romeo departs for Juliet's tomb, calling the poison his "cordial."
"I dreamt my lady came and found me dead... / And breathed such life with kisses in my lips, / That I revived, and was an emperor." — Romeo (a dream that almost describes the Friar's plan — and is cruelly misread as mere optimism)
"Is it even so? then I defy you, stars!" — Romeo (the play's most famous declaration against fate — which fate uses to accomplish its design)
"Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night." — Romeo (a quiet line of absolute resolve, punning on "lie" — lie down and die)
"My poverty, but not my will, consents." — Apothecary (economic coercion stripped bare in a single line)
"There is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls, / Doing more murders in this loathsome world" — Romeo (inverting poison and gold — money as the real toxin)
"Come, cordial and not poison, go with me / To Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee." — Romeo (calling poison a cure — death beside Juliet as the only medicine)