Romeo & Juliet Study Guide
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Act II, Scene 4
A street

Scene Summary

Mercutio and Benvolio discuss Tybalt's challenge letter to Romeo. Romeo arrives in high spirits and matches wits with Mercutio. The Nurse arrives seeking Romeo on Juliet's behalf; Mercutio mocks her mercilessly. Once alone, Romeo tells the Nurse to send Juliet to Friar Lawrence's cell that afternoon for the wedding.

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✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
MERCUTIO. Where the devil should this Romeo be? Came he not home tonight? BENVOLIO. Not to his father's. I spoke with his man. MERCUTIO. Why, that same pale hardhearted wench, that Rosaline, Torments him so that he will sure run mad. BENVOLIO. Tybalt, the kinsman to old Capulet, Hath sent a letter to his father's house. MERCUTIO. A challenge, on my life. BENVOLIO. Romeo will answer it. MERCUTIO. Any man that can write may answer a letter. BENVOLIO. Nay, he will answer the letter's master, how he dares, being dared. MERCUTIO. Alas, poor Romeo, he is already dead — stabbed with a white wench's black eye, run through the ear with a love song, the very pin of his heart cleft with the blind bow-boy's butt shaft. And is he a man to encounter Tybalt? BENVOLIO. Why, what is Tybalt? MERCUTIO. More than Prince of Cats. O, he's the courageous captain of compliments. He fights as you sing prick-song, keeps time, distance, and proportion. He rests his minim rests, one, two, and the third in your bosom — the very butcher of a silk button. A duelist, a duelist, a gentleman of the very first house of the first and second cause. Ah, the immortal passado, the punto reverso, the hai! [Enter ROMEO.] MERCUTIO. Now art thou sociable, now art thou Romeo, now art thou what thou art, by art as well as by nature. For this driveling love is like a great natural that runs lolling up and down to hide his bauble in a hole. [Enter NURSE and PETER.] NURSE. My fan, Peter. MERCUTIO. Good Peter, to hide her face, for her fan's the fairer face. NURSE. God ye good morrow, gentlemen. MERCUTIO. 'Tis no less, I tell ye, for the bawdy hand of the dial is now upon the prick of noon. NURSE. Out upon you! What a man are you? ROMEO. A gentleman, Nurse, that loves to hear himself talk and will speak more in a minute than he will stand to in a month. NURSE. Now, afore God, I am so vexed that every part about me quivers. Scurvy knave! — Pray you, sir, a word. And, as I told you, my young lady bid me inquire you out. What she bid me say, I will keep to myself. But first let me tell ye, if ye should lead her in a fool's paradise, as they say, it were a very gross kind of behavior, as they say. ROMEO. Bid her devise Some means to come to shrift this afternoon, And there she shall at Friar Lawrence's cell Be shrived and married. Here is for thy pains. NURSE. This afternoon, sir? Well, she shall be there. ROMEO. And stay, good Nurse, behind the abbey wall. Within this hour my man shall be with thee And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair, Which to the high topgallant of my joy Must be my convoy in the secret night. Farewell. Be trusty, and I'll quit thy pains. NURSE. Now God in heaven bless thee! Hark you, sir. Well, sir, my mistress is the sweetest lady — Lord, Lord! — O, there is a nobleman in town, one Paris, that would fain lay knife aboard, but she, good soul, had as lief see a toad, a very toad, as see him. Doth not rosemary and Romeo begin both with a letter? ROMEO. Ay, Nurse, what of that? Both with an R. NURSE. Ah, mocker, that's the dog's name. R is for the — no, I know it begins with some other letter. And she hath the prettiest sententious of it, of you and rosemary, that it would do you good to hear it. ROMEO. Commend me to thy lady. [Exeunt.]
Modern English

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This scene showcases Shakespeare's comic genius. The wordplay between Romeo and Mercutio is the play's longest comic sequence and reveals a transformed Romeo. Mercutio notices: "Now art thou sociable, now art thou Romeo." Love has made him sharper, quicker, more alive.Mercutio's description of Tybalt as a master duelist — fighting "as you sing prick-song" — establishes Tybalt's lethality before the fatal encounter. The musical metaphor ("keeps time, distance, and proportion") makes swordsmanship an art form, heightening the stakes of any confrontation.The Nurse's entrance creates one of the play's great comic collisions. Mercutio's mockery ("A sail, a sail!") and bawdy harassment clash with the Nurse's indignation and self-importance. It's class comedy: the aristocratic wit versus the bourgeois dignity.Romeo's plan — sending Juliet to "shrift" (confession) at the Friar's cell — uses religious practice as cover for the secret wedding. This instrumentalization of faith will become a pattern that ultimately contributes to the tragedy.The Nurse's rambling — "rosemary and Romeo begin both with a letter" — is both comic and touching. Her unsophisticated warmth contrasts with the cleverness around her, but her loyalty to Juliet is absolute. Note: this scene is abridged; the full text includes additional wordplay exchanges....

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Themes
Friendship Wit Love Class Honor Violence
Literary Devices
Wordplay Pun Comic Relief Characterization Foreshadowing Bawdy Humor Dramatic Irony
Characters
Mercutio Benvolio Romeo Nurse Peter
Motifs
Masculinity Swordplay as Art Verbal Sparring
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