Romeo & Juliet Study Guide
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Act IV, Scene 5
Juliet's chamber

Scene Summary

The Nurse discovers Juliet apparently dead on her bed. Lady Capulet, Capulet, Paris, and Friar Lawrence arrive in succession, each expressing grief in their own way. The Friar calms the family and directs them to carry Juliet to the Capulet tomb. Capulet observes that all their wedding preparations must now become funeral arrangements. The scene concludes with an exchange between Peter and the musicians, providing dark comic relief as the household transitions from celebration to mourning.

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✨ Character Voice Translations PREMIUM
Original Text
NURSE. Mistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she: Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed! Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride! What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now; Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant, The County Paris hath set up his rest, That you shall rest but little. God forgive me, Marry, and amen, how sound is she asleep! I needs must wake her. Madam, madam, madam! Ay, let the county take you in your bed; He'll fright you up, i' faith. Will it not be? [Undraws the curtains.] What, dress'd! and in your clothes! and down again! I must needs wake you; Lady! lady! lady! Alas, alas! Help, help! my lady's dead! O, well-a-day, that ever I was born! Some aqua vitae, ho! My lord! my lady! [Enter LADY CAPULET.] LADY CAPULET. What noise is here? NURSE. O lamentable day! LADY CAPULET. What is the matter? NURSE. Look, look! O heavy day! LADY CAPULET. O me, O me! My child, my only life, Revive, look up, or I will die with thee! Help, help! Call help. [Enter CAPULET.] CAPULET. For shame, bring Juliet forth; her lord is come. NURSE. She's dead, deceased, she's dead; alack the day! LADY CAPULET. Alack the day, she's dead, she's dead, she's dead! CAPULET. Ha! let me see her: out, alas! she's cold: Her blood is settled, and her joints are stiff; Life and these lips have long been separated: Death lies on her like an untimely frost Upon the sweetest flower of all the field. NURSE. O lamentable day! LADY CAPULET. O woful time! CAPULET. Death, that hath ta'en her hence to make me wail, Ties up my tongue, and will not let me speak. [Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARIS, with Musicians.] FRIAR LAURENCE. Come, is the bride ready to go to church? CAPULET. Ready to go, but never to return. O son! the night before thy wedding-day Hath Death lain with thy wife. There she lies, Flower as she was, deflowered by him. Death is my son-in-law, Death is my heir; My daughter he hath wedded: I will die, And leave him all; life, living, all is Death's. PARIS. Have I thought long to see this morning's face, And doth it give me such a sight as this? LADY CAPULET. Accursed, unhappy, wretched, hateful day! Most miserable hour that e'er time saw In lasting labour of his pilgrimage! But one, poor one, one poor and loving child, But one thing to rejoice and solace in, And cruel death hath catch'd it from my sight! NURSE. O woe! O woful, woful, woful day! Most lamentable day, most woful day, That ever, ever, I did yet behold! O day! O day! O day! O hateful day! Never was seen so black a day as this: O woful day, O woful day! PARIS. Beguiled, divorced, wronged, spited, slain! Most detestable death, by thee beguil'd, By cruel cruel thee quite overthrown! O love! O life! not life, but love in death! CAPULET. Despised, distress'd, hated, martyr'd, kill'd! Uncomfortable time, why camest thou now To murder, murder our solemnity? O child! O child! my soul, and not my child! Dead art thou! Alack! my child is dead; And with my child my joys are buried. FRIAR LAURENCE. Peace, ho, for shame! confusion's cure lives not In these confusions. Heaven and yourself Had part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all, And all the better is it for the maid: Your part in her you could not keep from death, But heaven keeps his part in eternal life. The most you sought was her promotion; For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced: And weep ye now, seeing she is advanced Above the clouds, as high as heaven itself? O, in this love, you love your child so ill, That you run mad, seeing that she is well: She's not well married that lives married long; But she's best married that dies married young. Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemary On this fair corse; and, as the custom is, In all her best array bear her to church: For though fond nature bids us all lament, Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment. CAPULET. All things that we ordained festival, Turn from their office to black funeral; Our instruments to melancholy bells, Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast, Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change, Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse, And all things change them to the contrary. FRIAR LAURENCE. Sir, go you in; and, madam, go with him; And go, Sir Paris; every one prepare To follow this fair corse unto her grave: The heavens do lour upon you for some ill; Move them no more by crossing their high will. [Exeunt CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, PARIS, and FRIAR LAURENCE.] FIRST MUSICIAN. Faith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone. NURSE. Honest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up; For, well you know, this is a pitiful case. [Exit.] FIRST MUSICIAN. Ay, by my troth, the case may be amended. [Enter PETER.] PETER. Musicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart's ease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease.' FIRST MUSICIAN. Why 'Heart's ease'? PETER. O, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'My heart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump, to comfort me. FIRST MUSICIAN. Not a dump we; 'tis no time to play now. PETER. You will not, then? FIRST MUSICIAN. No. PETER. I will then give it you soundly. FIRST MUSICIAN. What will you give us? PETER. No money, on my faith, but the gleek; I will give you the minstrel. FIRST MUSICIAN. Then will I give you the serving-creature. PETER. Then will I lay the serving-creature's dagger on your pate. I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you, I'll fa you; do you note me? FIRST MUSICIAN. An you re us and fa us, you note us. SECOND MUSICIAN. Pray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit. PETER. Then have at you with my wit! I will dry-beat you with an iron wit, and put up my iron dagger. Answer me like men: 'When griping grief the heart doth wound, And doleful dumps the mind oppress, Then music with her silver sound'— why 'silver sound'? why 'music with her silver sound'? What say you, Simon Catling? FIRST MUSICIAN. Marry, sir, because silver hath a sweet sound. PETER. Pretty! What say you, Hugh Rebeck? SECOND MUSICIAN. I say 'silver sound,' because musicians sound for silver. PETER. Pretty too! What say you, James Soundpost? THIRD MUSICIAN. Faith, I know not what to say. PETER. O, I cry you mercy; you are the singer: I will say for you. It is 'music with her silver sound,' because musicians have no gold for sounding: 'Then music with her silver sound With speedy help doth lend redress.' [Exit.] FIRST MUSICIAN. What a pestilent knave is this same! SECOND MUSICIAN. Hang him, Jack! Come, we'll in here; tarry for the mourners, and stay dinner. [Exeunt.]
Modern English

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Act IV, Scene 5 is the play's great scene of false mourning — a sustained exercise in dramatic irony where every character's grief is real but its object is not dead. The audience watches a family shatter over a loss that hasn't actually occurred, and the emotional complexity is extraordinary: their pain is genuine, their tears are real, but the entire scene is built on a lie. The Nurse's discovery sequence is Shakespeare at his most theatrically skilled. Her cheerful bawdiness — joking that Paris will keep Juliet awake on the wedding night — gives way to growing unease ("how sound is she asleep!") and then to horror: "Alas, alas! Help, help! my lady's dead!" The transition from comedy to catastrophe happens in a single line, mirroring the play's larger structural movement. Her cry for "aqua vitae" — brandy — is a characteristically human touch amid the formality of grief. The lamentation sequence that follows has troubled critics for centuries. Capulet, Lady Capulet, Paris, and the Nurse deliver highly stylized, almost competitive expressions of grief that can seem artificial. But Shakespeare may be making a deliberate point about the performance of mourning. These characters are expressing socially expected grief — they mourn...

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"Death lies on her like an untimely frost / Upon the sweetest flower of all the field." — Capulet (discovering Juliet, his language at its most tender and poetic)

"Death is my son-in-law, Death is my heir; / My daughter he hath wedded" — Capulet (personifying Death as a rival who has claimed Juliet as bride)

"She's not well married that lives married long; / But she's best married that dies married young." — Friar Lawrence (ironic consolation that is also an unwitting prophecy)

"All things that we ordained festival, / Turn from their office to black funeral" — Capulet (the play's central reversal — celebration into mourning — in six devastating lines)

"O love! O life! not life, but love in death!" — Paris (his grief for a woman he never truly knew)

Themes
Death Grief Appearance vs. Reality Fate Mourning Irony
Literary Devices
Dramatic Irony Personification Ritual Lamentation Dark Comedy Juxtaposition Metaphor
Characters
Nurse Lady Capulet Capulet Friar Lawrence Paris Peter Musicians
Motifs
Death Music Flowers Wedding and Funeral Sleep
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